Listen to a recording of growing up as a muslim in india during the partition 32. Similarly, hindu muslim riots in india date back to hundreds of years before any british official set foot on the subcontinent. When talks of partition happened, muslims didnt want to be ruled by a hindu majority and wanted their own country. Aug 14, 2017 while many assumed that muslim leaders of that time wanted another nation and didnt want to stay in india, very few know that there were many leaders from the minority community, who completely opposed the idea of partition. In pre partition india, mahatma gandhi described the social tension between. Though both date to before 1947, they came to acquire a new urgencyeven a new meaningwith the partition and independence of that year. During the partition of india, violence against women was an extensive issue. It brought forth giant personalities, monumental egos, brilliant strategists, saints, scoundrels, politicians, thinkers, tinkers, stinkers, sages and sycophants. List of books and articles about hindumuslim relations in india. The first is the figure of the nationalist muslim, the second the notion. Both developments had major repercussions on communal relations in eastern bengal.
Books about the indian subcontinental partition 88 books. Growing up as a muslim in india during the partition. The boundaries between islam and hinduism remained flexible until british colonial. The contacts between the hindus and the muslims are as old as. That muslim men like him were wooing hindu women, coaxing them into marriage and then forcefully converting them to islam.
It is ironic that around the time we are celebrating 60 years of indias independence, the subject under discussion here is the hindumuslim divide, instead of it being harmony between members of different communities in our free country. The tragic story of partition hv seshadri a summary. The fourth hindumuslim riot of the year took place in bombay on the 15th october 1936. Allama mashriqi august 25, 1963 august 27, 1963 was among the frontline.
Indian muslims are devided in to 2 groups as minority muslim league consisted of jamindars and majority peasant muslims as patriotic muslims who opposed partition of india. Jaswant singhs book has raised a fresh controversy on who was responsible for the partition of india. Indias muslim population has begun to fear that the anxieties of the muslims who. Even before the birth of the prophet, there existed settle ments of arab traders on. Indias muslims and the price of partition south asia. Muslim and hindu conflict in india and the partition of. Oct 06, 2008 a reappraisal of the tumultuous partition and how it ignited longstanding animosities between india and pakistan the partition of india in 1947 promised its people both political and religious freedomthrough the liberation of india from british rule, and the creation of the muslim state of pakistan. Khan and ragini sen the twin issues of making peace and building it over time, which are very much at the forefront of social concerns in contemporary india, remain a major source of worry and require a thoughtful understanding. A new, invisible partition is happening in india between. Indias muslims and the price of partition south asia journal. Meet the muslim freedom fighters who strongly opposed the.
In the fourteenth century, the famed moroccan scholar ibn battuta wrote about the state of hindu muslim relations in the south indian town of mangalore. In her book india before europe, she writes, although the religious. It negated the positive aspects of the congressleague lucknow pact of 1916 which had accepted the principle of separate electorates for the minorities. Muslims against partition of india revisiting the legacy. Im not muslim or hindu, but i will say this, hinduism has no problem with other religions such as sikhism or jainism or buddhism.
Books have been added to the list because they have been recommended by someone who has read them. A study of muslim atrocities on sikhs and hindus 1947. Ajaz ashraf, the author of the novel the hour before dawn, is a journalist based in new delhi. Population of muslims has until now resisted the pied pipers of jihad. The hindumuslim divide and the 1947 partition of india. Seventy years after independence, indias muslim population has begun to fear that the dark fantasies of the muslims led by muhammad ali jinnah and the muslim league in the 1930s and 1940s who fought for the partition of india and the creation of pakistan as a homeland for the subcontinents muslims could well be coming true. A reappraisal of the tumultuous partition and how it ignited longstanding animosities between india and pakistan the partition of india in 1947 promised its people both political and religious freedomthrough the liberation of india from british rule, and the creation of. Hindus live with a legacy of domination by muslim and christian rulers that stretches back many centuriesin northern india, to the delhi sultanate established at the beginning of the th century.
Like an angry volcano it spewed forth human passions in their ugliest form consuming oceans of humanity. Various dynasties, the delhi dynasty to the mughals, in succession, ruled india till the british stamped their ascendancy with the final fall the battle of independence in 1. Muslimhindu relations in india beside being one of the most populous nations in the world, india is also one of the most religiously and ethnically diverse. The tragic story of partition hv seshadri a summary 17031762 shah. It is perfectly plausible that there are muslim men who have chosen this as a new form of jihad, but i cannot honestly believe that this is the aim with which most muslim men get into relationships. Islam s influences on india had come to the western coast of india a few hundred years before the muslim conquests of northern india, through the arab traders. Pakistan is today the islamic republic of pakistan and the peoples republic of bangladesh. Buy hindumuslim relations in india book online at low prices in. The markers of muslim identity beards, skullcaps and head scarves invite frowns, even violence, in india. How did the partition affect sikhs, parsis, christians, and. The partition of india of 1947 was the division of british india into two independent dominion states, india and pakistan by an act of the parliament of the united kingdom. What were hindumuslim relations in india before the british.
Namaste this is a short summary basically of the events that lead to the tragic story of partition. Before the events of august 1947, many towns and villages in the punjab region were made up of a mix of hindu, sikh, and muslim populations, often living together in relative harmony. The twonation theory had been created long before the muslim league was established for the sake of british colonisation of india at first and then for a hindu rule in perpetuity over a postbritish india with the muslims as the subjects. Hindu dominated india and muslim dominated pakistan. The nehru report was a step back in the hindu muslim dialectic of pre partition india.
Muslims against partition of india revisiting the legacy of. Muslim and hindu conflict in india and the partition of india. In the 20th century, hindu muslim tension played a vital role in the partition of british india. Indias muslim population, by most measures the worlds second largest after that of indonesia, has suffered physically and economically at the hands of extremists in the countrys majority. The partition involved the division of two provinces, bengal and punjab, based on district. Fearing retaliation, his family boarded a train to pakistan. British officials soon became convinced that partition an idea first proposed by indias muslims, would be the only way to ensure a safe and secure region. Whereas previous studies of the end of british rule in india have concentrated on the negotiations of the transfer of power at the allindia level or have considered the emergence of separatist politics amongst indias muslim minorities, this study provides a reevaluation of the history of bengal focusing on the political and social processes that led to the demand for partition in bengal and. Sep 17, 2009 jaswant singhs book has raised a fresh controversy on who was responsible for the partition of india. In the british province of bengal before it was first divided in 1905, muslims were a small majority.
The bengali hindu homeland movement refers to the movement of the bengali hindu people for the partition of bengal in 1947 to create a homeland for themselves within india, in the wake of muslim leagues proposal and campaign to include the entire province of bengal within pakistan, which was to be a homeland for the muslims of british india. Hindu mahasabha rss and its cader in the congress itself real conspirators for the birth of pakistan. Hashim zaidis muslim family had to flee india after his uncle, a police officer, killed a hindu intruder in his home. There was an overwhelming amount of violence and confusion at the time, 1947, when two new countries were born. British partition bengal into hindu and muslim sections. Also, muslims resented that the land they ruled for so long was now back with the hindu majority. Systematic violence against women started in march 1947 in rawalpindi district where sikh women. We allow for two channels that link economics to con. Opinion indias muslims and the price of partition the new york. We can understand that who was real conspirators for partition of india. Aug 14, 2017 hashim zaidis muslim family had to flee india after his uncle, a police officer, killed a hindu intruder in his home. The original politics involved hindus and muslims in bengal, but the majority of the violence over 1,000,000 dead occurred in punjab.
But, it was easy to provoke the muslims by leaving the butchered head of a pig near a mosque or the cows meat near a temple was enough provocation for hindus and sikhs to attack the muslims. Noakhali pogrom by muslims just before partition should find mention here. Aug 22, 2017 hindu muslim relations has always been a contested topic in the indian subcontinent. It is perfectly plausible that there are muslim men who have chosen this as a new form of jihad, but i cannot honestly believe that this is. Why allama mashriqi opposed the partition of india. On the 27th april there occurred a hindu muslim riot in jamalpur in the monghyr district. On the 27th april there occurred a hindumuslim riot in jamalpur in the monghyr district. Aug 05, 2017 the footage of a muslim dairy farmer, pehlu khan, begging for his life before a hindu mob, one of many such attacks this year link back to these photographs as if the nation is condemned to. This stratification is from the book of the prophet the hadith. A study of muslim atrocities on sikhs and hindus 1947 partition of india. Islam is a monotheistic religion in which the deity is allah arabic. Gandhis tenacious quest for hindu muslim unity part iv the riottorn history of hindu muslim relations, 19201940.
List of books and articles about hindumuslim relations in. Aug 17, 2007 when muslim, hindu and sikh men wanted to take revenge for their peers being killed by the other, they deliberately went out searching for women of other religions to rape and kidnap. Discover librarianselected research resources on hindumuslim relations in india. Muslim leaders against the partition of india 21 photos. Chapter vii hindu alternative to pakistan part i lala hardayals scheme for conversion in the northwest part ii the stand of mr. Living in lahore a few years before partition, hatred and lack of trust was allpervasive at least in my part of the walled city. The division was a muslim india and a non muslim india. August is an extremely important month in south asian history. While many assumed that muslim leaders of that time wanted another nation and didnt want to stay in india, very few know that there were many leaders from the minority community, who completely opposed the idea of partition. Before embarking upon this assessment, we will provide a brief outline of the historical, political and social contexts of hindumuslim relations in india. Shamsul islam has written the most neglected chapter in the history of the indian freedom struggle. Muslim leaders from 19401947 04 dec 2015 who were these muslims, from across the length and breadth of india, from sind in the north west of the country down south to kerala who stood clearly against the demand for a division of the country espoused through the partition resolution of the muslim league 1940 and voiced. Immigrant arab and persian trading communities had settled in gujarat in the seventh century long before the muslim conquests of india. We use counts of the number of people killed or injured or the.
How did the partition affect sikhs, parsis, christians. Fearing a nationwide revolt, the british fastforwarded a transfer of power on an urgent basis and presented their partition plan on june 03, 1947, which the muslim league, congress, and gandhi accepted almost instantly before the assembly of the khaksars could take place. On a late june afternoon, junaid khan, a 15yearold muslim boy, was stabbed to. Did british policies lead to the partition of india. Jun 22, 2007 indias muslim population, by most measures the worlds second largest after that of indonesia, has suffered physically and economically at the hands of extremists in the countrys majority. In conjunction, they demanded proportional legislative representation reflecting. In the 20th century, hindumuslim tension played a vital role in the partition of british india. The rape of women by males during this period is well documented, with women also being complicit in these attacks. Aziz argues that the hindu revivalists in punjab had in the 1920s already suggested the partitioning of india on religious lines. Relations between the hindus and the muslims in the subcontinent.
Hinduism is a way of life of the hindu people of india, their diaspora, and some other regions which had hindu influence in the ancient and medieval times. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. While hindumuslims relations deteriorated, political changes of great magnitude were taking place in the government of indias policies, and simultaneously in the relations of bengali muslim leaders with their nonbengalee counter parts. Indias partition and the conflict over kashmir, a muslimmajority. Partition of india violence started by muslims to kick out hindussikhs from pakistan and. Based on groundbreaking research, it is an outstanding contribution which should set the record straight in great measure. Aug 17, 2017 the markers of muslim identity beards, skullcaps and head scarves invite frowns, even violence, in india. The overwhelming, but predominantly hindu, protest against the partition of bengal and the fear of reforms favouring the hindu majority, now led the muslim elite in india to meet with the new viceroy lord minto in 1906 and ask for separate electorates for muslims. Muslims resisted attempts to include them in an indian government dominated by hindus. The summary of events are based on the book tragic story of partition by sri h.
Hindumuslim relations in india hindumuslim relations in india the relationship between hindus and muslims is stereotypically characterized by conflict, rooted in the deep and flawed division of the former british colony of india into separate hindu and muslim states. Trace your indian partition ancestors like anita rani. Home browse religion asian religions hindumuslim relations in india hindumuslim relations in india the relationship between hindus and muslims is stereotypically characterized by conflict, rooted in the deep and flawed division of the former british colony of india into separate hindu and muslim states. Sikhs and muslims were actually the main players there hindus were somewhat secondary, so the answer to your question is going to be quite long.
Doc hindu muslim relations before partition in india. The footage of a muslim dairy farmer, pehlu khan, begging for his life before a hindu mob, one of many such attacks this year link back to these photographs as if the nation is condemned to. Stanford scholar casts new light on hindumuslim relations. The partition of india ranks beyond a doubt as one of the 10 greatest tragedies of human history. On the 27th march 1937 there was a hindumuslim riot at panipat over the holi procession and 14 persons were killed. In prepartition india, mahatma gandhi described the social tension between. Hindumuslim relations has always been a contested topic in the indian subcontinent. On the 27th march 1937 there was a hindu muslim riot at panipat over the holi procession and 14 persons were killed. Essay on partition between india and pakistan the partition of india and pakistan was a time of great turmoil. Books about the indian subcontinental partition these are books, both fiction and nonfiction, dealing with the 1947 partition that affected presentday india, pakistan and bangladesh.
Hinduism is a way of life of the hindu people of india, their diaspora, and some other regions. The origins of hindumuslim conflict in south asia the diplomat. Most muslims lived in the eastern districts of bengal where they were more than threequarters of the population. Indias muslims and the price of partition new delhi seventy years after independence, indias muslim population has begun to fear that the dark fantasies of the muslims led by muhammad ali jinnah and the muslim league in the 1930s and 1940s who fought for the partition of india and the creation of pakistan as a homeland for the subcontinents muslims could well be coming true. Additionally, the growth of the indian economy has contributed incentives to both communities to quell rumors and prejudice as they may spread and provoke rounds of. William dalrymple on the mutual genocide of hindus, muslims and sikhs in the creation of pakistan and india, and nisid hajaris book, midnights furies. Quit india movement, constitutional deadlock, and finally the partition of india. For the ink was not yet dry on the 1947 charter of sovereignty before what had been one great single nation under british rule became split into two sullenly hostile. Hindus and muslims cooperated in this endeavor, though the later partition into separate hindu and muslim polities plus the precursor tension to it would predicate future conflict. Muslim hindu relations in india beside being one of the most populous nations in the world, india is also one of the most religiously and ethnically diverse. The irony lies in that it was lajpat rai who first envisioned pakistan and proposed the partition of the punjab. Islam and hinduism are the main religions in india, however, and the two have had a very long and sometimes violent coexistence.
In other areas of india, the religious divide was already more established majority muslim in the far north east, majority hindu in centre and south, but in the. It is estimated that during the partition between 75,000 and 100,000 women were kidnapped and raped. Nazeer ahmed, phd the partition of british india was an extraordinary event. As evidence, the league pointed to hindumuslim riots in the. The tensions between the two groups is generally cited as the primary reason for the partition. And it was savarkar who first defined indian citizenship as exclusively hindu and in 1937,as president of the hindu mahasabha, defined india as a country of two separate nations for hindu and nonhindu.
Every person will have to renounce the world once and with that, all the legal rights and obligations of the person are dissolved and passed to someone else. Opinion indias muslims and the price of partition the. The fourth hindu muslim riot of the year took place in bombay on the 15th october 1936. Partition of india essay examples history, muslim hindu. When muslim, hindu and sikh men wanted to take revenge for their peers being killed by the other, they deliberately went out searching for women of other religions to rape and kidnap. In the mid 1940s, as the muslim league began to realise its vision of a separate nation state for the subcontinents. What were hindumuslim relations in india before the. The history, as it is being researched and written in recent times, is conclusively establishing that india was divided in 1947 largely as the result of hindu communalism that was encouraged in the first instance by the british policy of divide and rule and eventually accepted wholeheartedly by the hindu, writes m serajul islam ihad been posted to the bangladesh high. On the 14th of august 1947 the new islamic republican state of pakistan was created, and on the following day, india was granted freedom and independence from colonial rule after 350 years. Muslim rulers from the north ruled india for close to a thousand years.
Indias muslim population council on foreign relations. The bloody legacy of indian partition the new yorker. While hindu indians dominated the central and eastern part of the indian subcontinent, muslim. May 09, 2010 also, muslims resented that the land they ruled for so long was now back with the hindu majority. Violence against women during the partition of india. Partition of property under muslim law legal advice india.
Both developments had major repercussions on communal relations in. Islam in india, it describes the communal situation in the province just before the. He asked them to feel a part of the entire muslim world. Hindu relations with islam and christianity are in some ways quite different from the ties and tensions that bind together religions of indian origin. What began with a squabble about the division of assets after partition, and went on to bitter conflict over the future of disputed princely states such. Gandhis tenacious quest for hindumuslim unity part iv the riottorn history of hindumuslim relations, 19201940. In sylhet district, for instance, muslims were eight out of ten of the population.
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